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<main>
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<h1 id="staying-ahead-of-youtubes-bot-detection"><a class="header" href="#staying-ahead-of-youtubes-bot-detection">Staying ahead of YouTube’s bot detection</a></h1>
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||||
<p>YouTube increasingly fingerprints and rate-limits automated clients.
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yt-offline ships a layered defense; understanding the layers makes the
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difference between “everything downloads” and “constant captchas.”</p>
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<p>In rough order of impact:</p>
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<h2 id="1-be-logged-in-cookies"><a class="header" href="#1-be-logged-in-cookies">1. Be logged in (cookies)</a></h2>
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<p>This is the single biggest factor. <strong>Anonymous requests get captcha-
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walled the hardest.</strong> Provide a <code>cookies.txt</code> exported from a browser
|
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where you are <strong>signed in to YouTube</strong>, or point yt-offline at the
|
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browser profile directly.</p>
|
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<p>A <em>valid</em> logged-in jar contains the auth cookies <code>SID</code>, <code>SAPISID</code>,
|
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<code>__Secure-1PSID</code>, <code>__Secure-3PSID</code>, <code>LOGIN_INFO</code>, etc. A jar with only
|
||||
<code>VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE</code>, <code>PREF</code>, <code>YSC</code> is <strong>anonymous</strong> — it’s not signed in
|
||||
and actually makes detection <em>worse</em> than no cookies. yt-offline’s
|
||||
Settings → Cookies panel warns you when your jar is anonymous or expired.</p>
|
||||
<p>Two ways to supply cookies:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><strong>Export a <code>cookies.txt</code></strong> with a browser extension like <em>Get
|
||||
cookies.txt LOCALLY</em>, then paste/upload it in Settings → Cookies. A
|
||||
file in the working directory takes precedence over the browser option.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p><strong>Read the browser profile live</strong> by setting the cookie browser to a
|
||||
yt-dlp <code>--cookies-from-browser</code> spec. Plain <code>firefox</code>/<code>chrome</code>/<code>brave</code>
|
||||
works for default profiles; for a non-default profile (e.g. Brave’s
|
||||
beta channel) use the full form:</p>
|
||||
<pre><code>brave:/home/you/.config/BraveSoftware/Brave-Origin-Beta
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
<p>The path is the <strong>profile root</strong> (yt-dlp appends the <code>Default</code>
|
||||
subdirectory itself). The advantage: cookies are read fresh from the
|
||||
live session each download, so they never go stale.</p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p>Cookies are session credentials — yt-offline never commits or transmits
|
||||
<code>cookies.txt</code> unprompted, and redacts the cookie path out of any log
|
||||
line shown in the UI.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<h2 id="2-tls-impersonation-curl_cffi"><a class="header" href="#2-tls-impersonation-curl_cffi">2. TLS impersonation (curl_cffi)</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>yt-dlp’s <code>--impersonate</code> makes requests carry a real browser’s TLS
|
||||
fingerprint (via <code>curl_cffi</code>), so the connection doesn’t <em>look</em> like a
|
||||
script. The bundled install sets this up automatically and yt-offline
|
||||
picks an impersonation target per platform.</p>
|
||||
<p>If impersonation silently does nothing, it’s almost always a
|
||||
<strong>yt-dlp ⇄ curl_cffi version mismatch</strong> — which is exactly why the
|
||||
bundled install uses <strong>nightly</strong> yt-dlp (it accepts current curl_cffi;
|
||||
stable lags and disables all impersonate targets when a newer curl_cffi
|
||||
is present). See
|
||||
<a href="./troubleshooting.html#impersonate-targets-show-unavailable">Troubleshooting → impersonation</a>.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="3-pot-tokens-proof-of-origin"><a class="header" href="#3-pot-tokens-proof-of-origin">3. POT tokens (Proof-of-Origin)</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>YouTube increasingly binds a per-video <strong>Proof-of-Origin token</strong> to
|
||||
playback; without one, format URLs come back empty. yt-offline can run
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/jim60105/bgutil-ytdlp-pot-provider-rs">bgutil-pot</a>, a
|
||||
loopback HTTP server that mints these tokens, and point yt-dlp at it.</p>
|
||||
<p>Enable <strong>Settings → Use POT token provider</strong> (requires the bundled
|
||||
yt-dlp; the matching plugin installs into its venv) and click <strong>Install</strong>.</p>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p><strong>Version-skew footgun:</strong> the yt-dlp plugin must come from the <em>same
|
||||
release</em> as the bgutil-pot server binary — <strong>not</strong> the PyPI package,
|
||||
which versions independently and silently produces no tokens on a
|
||||
mismatch. yt-offline’s installer handles this by unpacking the
|
||||
version-matched plugin zip from the server’s release.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<h2 id="4-player-client-selection"><a class="header" href="#4-player-client-selection">4. Player-client selection</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>YouTube cracks down on different internal “player clients” over time —
|
||||
the <code>web</code> client is currently the most captcha-prone, while <code>tv</code> and
|
||||
<code>mweb</code> are the least. yt-offline no longer forces <code>web</code>; it lets yt-dlp
|
||||
pick good defaults. If a specific channel keeps hitting captchas, set a
|
||||
client override (global or per-channel):</p>
|
||||
<pre><code>tv,mweb
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
<h2 id="5-throttling"><a class="header" href="#5-throttling">5. Throttling</a></h2>
|
||||
<p>A burst of ~30 rapid requests is a classic trip-wire. yt-offline inserts
|
||||
a small jittered pause between videos (a fixed cadence looks robotic; a
|
||||
random one looks human) and, after any rate-limit hit, triples the
|
||||
sleeps for the rest of the batch before recovering.</p>
|
||||
<hr>
|
||||
<p><strong>TL;DR for a clean setup:</strong> bundled (nightly) yt-dlp + fresh
|
||||
<strong>logged-in</strong> cookies + POT provider enabled. That combination resolves
|
||||
the vast majority of captcha / “Video unavailable” failures.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
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